NEW DELHI: Congress on Sunday stopped short of agreeing with its senior leader Digvijay Singh after he gave example of Rashtriya Swayamseva Sangh (RSS) to call for organisational reforms within Congress.Congress spokesperson Pawan Khera, reacting to former Madhya Pradesh chief minister’s remarks said that an organisation known for Godse can not teach anything to a organisation founded by Gandhi.

“There’s nothing to learn from the RSS. What can an organisation known for Godse teach an organisation founded by Gandhi?” Khera said.‘Power of the organisation’Earlier on Saturday Digvijay praised the organisational strength of RSS and shared a black-and-white photograph from a social media platform that showed Prime Minister Narendra Modi seated back on the ground while BJP veteran Lal Krishna Advani sat on a chair in the background, acknowledging how the RSS shapes leadership within the organisation.“I found this image on the Quora site. It’s very impressive. How an RSS grassroots swayamsevak and Jan Sangh BJP worker sat on the floor at the feet of leaders and became the state’s Chief Minister and the country’s Prime Minister. This is the power of the organisation.”However, he issued a clarification, saying, “I’ve been saying this from the beginning: I am opposed to the ideology of the RSS. They neither respect the Constitution nor the country’s laws, and it’s an unregistered organisation.”“But I admire their organisational capacity because an organisation that isn’t even registered has become so powerful that the Prime Minister says from the Red Fort that it is the world’s largest NGO. If it’s an NGO, then where have your rules and regulations gone? But I admire their organisational capacity,” he added.Earlier this week, Singh had also praised Rahul Gandhi for his stance on socio-economic issues, giving him “full marks” while calling for internal reforms within the Congress. Drawing a parallel with Rahul Gandhi’s push for Election Commission reforms, Singh argued that the party itself needed similar changes.In another post on X, he wrote, “Rahul ji you are absolutely ‘Bang On’ in matters of Socio-Economic Issues. Full Marks. But now please look at Congress also. Like Election Commission needs Reforms, So Does Indian National Congress. You have started with ‘संघटन सृजन’ But we need more Pragmatic Decentralised Functioning.”He added, “I am sure you would do it because I know you can do it. Only problem is that it is not easy to ‘Convince’ you!!”BJP attacks Rahul GandhiMeanwhile, BJP alleged that Digvijay’s praise for the organisational power of the BJP and the RSS was an “open dissent” against Rahul Gandhi’s leadership in the party.BJP national spokesperson Sudhanshu Trivedi alleged that Rahul was bringing his party “upside down” because he had been sidelined in the party.“It’s because our Narendra Modi is ‘guddri ke lal’ (diamond in the rough) and their leader is ‘Jawahar ke lal’ (great-grandson of Jawaharlal Nehru). Since our Narendra Modi has risen to top from bottom, he is taking the party (BJP) also to the top from bottom,” Trivedi told a press conference at the BJP headquarters here.In a swipe to Rahul, he said, “Since their leader is ‘Jawahar ke lal’ who is now ‘side down from up’, he is bringing his party upside down.”This comes after the Congress held the CWC meet in Delhi on Saturday under the chaimanship of party chief Mallikarjun Kharge — first after the party suffered a huge loss in Bihar assembly elections.After the CWC meet, Kharge announced that the grand-old-party launch a nation-wide protest against the Centre for replacing rural employment scheme – MGNREGA – with VB G-RAM-G law from January 5.“In the meeting, we took an oath. We decided to launch a massive movement across the country, making the MNREGA scheme the central point. Indian National Congress party, taking a leading role, will launch the Save MNREGA Campaign from January 5th,” Kharge said.

MUMBAI: Most global cities have regulations to control micro-skylines within precincts. These are conscious decisions taken to ensure that the ‘look’ of the city is managed in a controlled and planned manner, while simultaneously permitting development to take care of people’s needs. But unlike many global cities, Mumbai is perhaps the only one where the entire city (except areas governed by aviation rules) can go vertical without considering basic factors like infrastructure, design or density. So, a squat bungalow could sit next to a highrise, like two freaks in a circus, with little thought to aesthetic consistency within a neighbourhood.“Today, planning has been reduced to an arbitrary and ad hoc level with no correlation to infrastructure,’’ says Atul Kumar, founder trustee, Art Deco Mumbai Trust. “And there is no attempt to make it aesthetically viable.” Urban planners suggest that behind the emerging Dubai-like bling lies a vision that allows profit to override planning. A real estate-obsessed wave fuelled by what architect and urban planner Rahul Mehrotra calls “impatient capital”.There are many who caution against this approach that allows floor space index (FSI) to jump up “in leaps and bounds without any logical justification that takes into account the bigger plan”. Architect and urban planner Chandrashekhar Prabhu says, “There is no control on the height or shape of buildings coming up on threshold spaces like waterfronts, open spaces, prominent vistas etc. Ad hoc decisions are taken mostly to benefit builders.” No thought is given to ensuring proportionate public open spaces or adequate roads, leading to traffic snarls across the city. And this despite sufficient precedents within the city itself that placed a premium on organic town planning.In 1912, the Bombay City Improvement Trust formulated stringent norms that mandated adequate widths between so that they are spaced out equally. The rule which was finally implemented in 1919 was based on the concept that the right to light and air must be equal to the resident on the ground floor and those living on the top floor.“This was determined by the 63.5-degree rule; the minimum open space between two buildings and the maximum height,” says Kumar. The city’s first development plan in 1967 introduced the concept of FSI, unlike previous by-laws that regulated built development by the number of floors and footprint limits.Urban designer and architect Harshad Mehta points to areas like Cumballa Hill and Malabar Hill, where the skylines were once marked by crowns of treetops. “Buildings like Usha Kiran, Woodlands and Kanchanjunga rose higher than the treetops and were called ‘skyscrapers’ then. Nonetheless, they were also spaced apart by a prescribed distance from their immediate neighbours. Today, it can be said that building development in Mumbai is rising up, both literally and liberally. What were once considered iconic skyscrapers, seem lost amid newer taller neighbours,’’ said Bhatia.According to him, the current rising twinkling skyline appears attractive from afar, even portraying a mirage of growing prosperity —say when seen from the new coastal road. “But come up close and what you saw is not what you get. “Therefore, this present trend of indiscriminate high-rise development, though policy-driven, is foolhardy. Continuing this mindless building spree will be a self-induced disaster in the years ahead,” he warns.New York-based architect Arzan Sam Wadia points out that the Manhattan skyline is shaped by strategic zoning laws.“For instance, when it comes to very tall towers going up next to low-rise buildings or neighborhoods, the city relies on ‘contextual zoning’. “This helps manage height and bulk to make sure new developments fit in better with their surroundings,” he explains.In New York, there are special rules in place, like “tower setbacks,” which require taller buildings to be set back from the street. This keeps them from overwhelming the lower buildings nearby and helps maintain light access. As Wadia says, “It’s all about balance”. Currently, Mumbai appears to be challenging the idea of balance, in more ways than one.

Jake Weatherald is bowled by Ben Stokes during day two of the fourth Test at Melbourne Cricket Ground (Photo by Quinn Rooney/Getty Images)

NEW DELHI: Melbourne Cricket Ground head curator Matt Page admitted he was left in a “state of shock” after witnessing the carnage during the two-day fourth Ashes Test, an outcome that has left Cricket Australia staring at a revenue shortfall running into millions of dollars.Page and his team had left 10 millimetres of grass on the pitch, a decision that resulted in excessive seam movement and bounce, making batting extremely difficult throughout the match.

A total of 36 wickets fell in just 142 overs, including 20 on the opening day, with the contest wrapped up in the evening session of day two as England sealed a four-wicket win — their first Test victory in Australia since January 2011.The premature finish dealt a major blow to Cricket Australia’s finances. More than 90,000 spectators were expected for day three, with significant crowds also anticipated for days four and five. However, ticket sales for those days had to be refunded, compounding the financial impact after the series opener in Perth had also ended within two days.It marked the first time in 129 years that the same Ashes series has featured multiple two-day Tests, a scenario last seen in the era when pitches were left uncovered and exposed to the elements.“I was in a state of shock,” Page said.“I’ve never been involved in a Test match like it and hopefully never involved in a Test match like that again.“We know this hasn’t gone as we planned. We will look at what we need to do to improve.”Page pointed out that last year’s Test at the venue had produced a vastly different contest after the grass on the pitch was trimmed to seven millimetres, resulting in a thrilling match that went down to the final session of day five as Australia defeated India.He added that cool and wet conditions in the lead-up to this year’s Test, combined with forecast heat on days three and four, forced him to adopt a different approach.– Pitch ‘a joke’ –“We’re trying to balance that contest between bat and ball throughout, over the four or five days, to provide that captivating Test for all,” he said.“We left it longer because we knew we were going to get (hot) weather at the back end that we knew we needed our grass (for).”International Cricket Council referee Jeff Crowe is yet to deliver his assessment of the pitch, pondering whether to give it an “unsatisfactory” rating which would see the venue slapped with a demerit point.England captain Ben Stokes and Australia counterpart Steve Smith were both critical of the surface, as were a string of former greats.“Being brutally honest, that’s not really what you want,” Stokes said.“Boxing Day Test match, you don’t want a game finishing in less than two days. Not ideal.”Smith said: “It was tricky. No one could really get in. When you see 36 wickets across two days, that’s probably too much.”Former England captain Michael Vaughan labelled the pitch “a joke”.“This is selling the game short, the players, broadcasters and more importantly the fans,” he said.Despite the controversy, MCG chief executive Stuart Fox backed Page and his ground staff to continue.“We bought Matt on eight years ago because he’s considered one of the best in the country, if not the best,” Fox said. “I still believe that, and I always will. “You can see he’s disappointed. He carries that responsibility and my job as a leader is to support people. “When you believe in your people, you get behind them and support them and I know he’ll respond.”(With AFP inputs)

Both sets of fans sang chants in Jota’s name in the 18th and 20th minutes — the shirt numbers he wore during his spells at Molineux and Anfield respectively. (Getty Images)

Florian Wirtz’s first Liverpool goal fired the Reds into the Premier League‘s top four despite an unconvincing 2-1 win over Wolves on a day both clubs paid tribute to Diogo Jota. Jota, who was killed in a car accident alongside his brother Andre Silva in July, won four trophies after joining Liverpool from Wolves in 2020.Two of his children led the teams out as mascots, while his wife Rute Cardoso watched on from the sidelines.

Both sets of fans sang chants in Jota’s name in the 18th and 20th minutes — the shirt numbers he wore during his spells at Molineux and Anfield respectively.“After the tragedy happened until now, I have seen so many special moments — where the fans remembered him or our players conducted themselves unbelievably in the circumstances,” said Liverpool boss Arne Slot.“Not only our fans but the fans of away teams have shown the respect both Diogo and his brother deserved. It was special to see his children being the mascot and how emotional it was before the game and then in the 20th minute.”On the field, both clubs have suffered this season with Wolves staring down the barrel of relegation after taking just two points from their opening 18 league games.Liverpool’s form has improved of late and Wirtz is beginning to show flashes of the brilliance that lured the English champions into paying Bayer Leverkusen £100 million ($135 million) for the German international.The 22-year-old registered his first Premier League assist last weekend for a goal that came at some cost to Liverpool as Alexander Isak suffered a broken leg in opening the scoring against Tottenham.Shorn of the most expensive player in English football history for the coming months, there is even more pressure on Wirtz to deliver on his hefty price tag.“He’s been very important for us throughout the season. But in football it is about results, you are mainly judged on results or on goals and assists,” added Slot.“I think today he showed much more than just the goal he scored; he was special for us in many parts of the game.”Wirtz finally opened his account in his 23rd Liverpool appearance by prodding home Hugo Ekitike’s pass to double the home side’s lead.Just 90 seconds earlier, Liverpool had made the breakthrough when Ryan Gravenberch slammed in Jeremie Frimpong’s cross.Yet, even with a 2-0 half-time lead against a side on course to become the worst in Premier League history, Slot could not relax.Santiago Bueno exposed Liverpool’s frailty from set-pieces to pull a goal back just six minutes into the second half.Slot’s men have made a habit of late collapses at Leeds and Tottenham in recent weeks and needed a perfectly-timed tackle from Conor Bradley to deny Jhon Arias a late equaliser.

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Andrej Karpathy, Tesla’s former AI director and OpenAI cofounder, has issued what amounts to an open letter to the entire software engineering profession, warning that developers face an unprecedented challenge as AI fundamentally reshapes how code gets written. In a post on X that has sparked widespread debate, Karpathy confessed: “I’ve never felt this much behind as a programmer. The profession is being dramatically refactored as the bits contributed by the programmer are increasingly sparse and between.”The candid admission from one of AI’s most influential figures highlights the seismic shift happening in software development. Karpathy, who led AI development at Tesla for five years and helped steer the company’s Autopilot effort, described feeling inadequate despite his expertise. “I have a sense that I could be 10X more powerful if I just properly string together what has become available over the last ~year and a failure to claim the boost feels decidedly like skill issue,” he wrote.His post outlines a new reality where programmers must master what he calls a “new programmable layer of abstraction” involving agents, subagents, prompts, contexts, memory modes, MCP protocols, and IDE integrations. The challenge, Karpathy explains, is building a mental model for “fundamentally stochastic, fallible, unintelligible and changing entities suddenly intermingled with what used to be good old fashioned engineering.“

AI coding tools rewriting developer workflows, industry leaders say

The evolution Karpathy describes represents a dramatic departure from the “vibe coding” approach he famously coined in February 2025. Back then, he described casually asking AI to make changes while barely reading code diffs, accepting all suggestions, and working around bugs rather than fixing them properly. “It’s not too bad for throwaway weekend projects, but still quite amusing,” he wrote at the time.Now, even Karpathy acknowledges the limitations. When building his recent project Nanochat, he admitted it was “basically entirely hand-written” because AI agents “just didn’t work well enough at all and net unhelpful.” The admission underscores the gap between AI coding hype and reality, even as the technology rapidly improves.Boris Cherny, creator of Anthropic’s Claude Code, responded to Karpathy’s post by sharing his own revelation: “The last month was my first month as an engineer that I didn’t open an IDE at all. Opus 4.5 wrote around 200 PRs, every single line.” Cherny described how newer developers without “legacy memories” of older models often use AI more effectively than veterans, requiring “significant mental work to re-adjust to what the model can do every month or two.“

Productivity gains remain uncertain as AI models improve

Despite the rapid advancement, research suggests AI coding tools don’t always boost productivity. A METR study from July found that AI assistants decreased experienced developers’ productivity by 19%, though participants expected a 20% boost. Management consultants Bain & Company reported that programming showed “unremarkable” savings despite being “one of the first areas to deploy generative AI.”Yet industry leaders remain optimistic. Google CEO Sundar Pichai said in November that vibe coding is making software development “so much more enjoyable” and “exciting again,” with AI now writing over 30% of new code at Google. Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei claimed in October that Claude was writing 90% of the company’s code.Karpathy concluded his post with an urgent call to action: “Clearly some powerful alien tool was handed around except it comes with no manual and everyone has to figure out how to hold it and operate it, while the resulting magnitude 9 earthquake is rocking the profession. Roll up your sleeves to not fall behind.”

Indians are making changes to their travel patterns for the New Year, travelling to destinations beyond Thailand and Cambodia to regions like Vietnam, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Japan and parts of West Asia, travel industry executives said. The transition comes after the two south Asian nations have been at continued border violence. The clashes, which continued for nearly three weeks before a ceasefire came into effect from Saturday, reportedly left more than 100 people dead. The developments have dented demand for Thailand, a long-standing favourite for Indian festive travel, and Cambodia, which has increasingly featured as a cultural extension to Southeast Asian itineraries. According to Ravi Gosain, president of the Indian Association of Tour Operators, the impact on Thailand has been visible but contained. “For Thailand, enquiries have softened by around 10-20%, with fresh bookings down in the range of 8–15%,” he told ET. While some travellers have postponed or altered plans, outright cancellations have remained limited at 3–8%, as many opted to reroute trips within the country. Cambodia has faced a stronger reaction. Gosain said enquiries are down 20–35% year-on-year, with cancellations in the range of 8–18%. He added that Indian travellers began revisiting their travel plans within 48–72 hours of the clashes breaking out, followed by another round of adjustments closer to departure dates. Different traveller segments have responded differently to the situation. Families, first-time international travellers and high-spending leisure customers have been more cautious, Gosain said, while younger group travellers and honeymooners have shown greater flexibility. “Safety perception, visa ease, flight availability and overall value are the key decision drivers,” he said. Despite the softer demand, spending levels for Thailand during the year-end period remain unchanged, with mid-market travellers typically spending Rs 1.1–1.8 lakh per person and premium travellers spending between Rs 2.5 lakh and Rs 4 lakh, ET reported. Rajiv Mehra, general secretary of the Federation of Associations in Indian Tourism and Hospitality, said Thailand has lost some momentum. “The aggressive demand witnessed earlier is missing now—about 5-10% lower demand,” he said. Cambodia, too, has seen reduced traction, though Mehra described it as more of a spiritual destination than a leisure-oriented one. At the same time, he noted that Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Malaysia are attracting interest with competitive pricing. Travel companies say the situation has led more to recalibration than disruption. Jatinder Paul Singh, chief executive and co-founder of Viacation, said booking behaviour reflects caution rather than withdrawal. “Enquiries have remained largely steady, with some travellers taking extra time to decide,” he said, adding that cancellations have been limited, with most customers preferring date changes or alternate destinations. Rising airfares are also shaping travel choices. Hari Ganapathy, co-founder of Pickyourtrail, said airline capacity constraints have pushed flight costs higher, leading travellers to focus more on affordability. “Flights remain the most variable cost, while on-ground pricing has moved only 5–7%,” he said. This has resulted in higher demand for short-haul destinations offering visa-on-arrival and shorter travel times, such as Malaysia, Singapore and Sri Lanka. Ganapathy also pointed to longer-term changes in travel behaviour. Paid activities per itinerary have increased by nearly 30% over the past two years, with a further 13% rise this year. He said around 65–70% of itineraries now include at least one customised experience, indicating a shift away from nightlife-centric holidays towards more personalised travel. Booking data from EaseMyTrip highlights this transition. A company spokesperson told ET that Vietnam has emerged as a major beneficiary, with Indian traveller traffic estimated to rise by about 125% in 2025. Sri Lanka, meanwhile, has seen at least a fivefold increase compared with last winter. “The focus has shifted from promoting large-scale, nightlife-led New Year celebrations to curating experience-driven and restorative travel options that better align with evolving traveller preferences,” the spokesperson said. “To retain interest and drive conversions, travel companies are also curating end-to-end experiences, such as bundling stays with activities like culinary workshops, local village dinners, heritage walks, farm tours, and personalised wellness programmes.” Within India, destinations such as Goa, Kerala and the Andaman Islands continue to draw festive-season demand, offering alternatives for travellers opting to stay closer to home amid changing overseas plans.

Melbourne Stars aim to extend their unbeaten run in the Big Bash League 2025-26 when they face Sydney Thunder in the 14th match at Manuka Oval, Canberra, on Sunday. Stars top the points table with three wins from three games and a strong net run rate of +1.383, while Thunder sit fifth with one win and two losses from three outings.

Melbourne Stars have won all three matches so far, including a recent six-wicket victory over Adelaide Strikers and a thumping win against Sydney Sixers, with Sam Harper scoring a century in the latter. Sydney Thunder struggled with batting in losses to Hobart Hurricanes and Brisbane Heat but showed promise from Shadab Khan and bowlers like Reece Topley and Nathan McAndrew.

MS vs ST, BBL|15: Match details

• Date and Time: December 28 (Sunday); 1:45 pm IST / 8:15 am GMT / 7:15 pm Local
• Venue: Manuka Oval, Canberra

MS vs ST, Head-to-Head Record in BBL

Matches played: 22 | Melbourne Stars won: 10 | Sydney Thunder won: 12 | No result/Tied: 0

Manuka Oval Pitch Report

Manuka Oval in Canberra delivers a batters-friendly surface with true bounce and good carry, ideal for strokeplay in Big Bash League encounters. The pitch typically supports high-scoring games, with first innings averages around 149 runs across 21 T20s, though it slows slightly under lights, aiding spinners in the latter stages. Chasing teams hold a slight edge (9 wins vs 9 batting first, with ties), making toss decisions pivotal – captains often opt to bat first. Expect quick outfield and short boundaries to favour aggressive batting, but pacers like Rauf and Topley can exploit early movement.

Squads:

Melbourne Stars: Thomas Fraser Rogers, Joe Clarke, Sam Harper (wk), Marcus Stoinis (c), Glenn Maxwell, Hilton Cartwright, Tom Curran, Liam Hatcher, Haris Rauf, Peter Siddle, Mitchell Swepson, Aryan Sharma, Jonathan Merlo, Campbell Kellaway

Sydney Thunder: Sam Konstas, Matthew Gilkes, David Warner (c), Cameron Bancroft, Sam Billings (wk), Shadab Khan, Daniel Sams, Chris Green, Nathan McAndrew, Tanveer Sangha, Reece Topley, Ryan Hadley, Blake Nikitaras, Aidan O Connor

Also READ: Sam Harper’s explosive ton powers Melbourne Stars to a dominant win over Sydney Sixers in BBL|15

MS vs ST, BBL|15: Today’s Match Prediction

Case 1:

• Melbourne Stars wins the toss and bats first
• Melbourne Stars’ powerplay score: 50-60
• Melbourne Stars’ total score: 180-190

Case 2:

• Sydney Thunder wins the toss and bats first
• Sydney Thunder’s powerplay score: 40-50
• Sydney Thunder’s total score: 160-170

Match result: Team batting first to win the contest.

Also WATCH: Tom Curran knocks over Jason Sangha’s stumps with an absolute ripper in BBL|15

Something in the Atlantic is shifting, though it is not easy to see from the surface. There are no dramatic waves or sudden storms to mark it out. Instead, the change is slow and buried deep in the ocean, tracked quietly by scientists who watch how water moves rather than how it looks. Over time, those movements shape winters, coastlines, and the way entire regions feel from year to year. New research suggests one of these systems may be losing its balance. If that trend continues, Europe could face colder and less predictable conditions than it has known for generations. This is not a sudden disaster story. It is about gradual change, hidden signals, and a climate system that may be edging closer to a point where recovery becomes harder.

What is the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre

The North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre is a large circular system of ocean currents that sits between Greenland, Iceland, and Canada. It plays a quiet role, pulling warmer water northwards and helping regulate temperatures across Europe and parts of North America.Without this steady movement, heat would stay closer to the equator. Northern regions would cool more sharply, especially during winter. Cities that now experience mild cold could begin to feel harsher seasonal extremes.Why scientists say the system is weakeningA study published in Science Advances points to a long term decline in the stability of the gyre. The research suggests this is not a short fluctuation but part of a deeper shift that has been unfolding for more than a century.The concern is not just slowing movement but loss of resilience. Once a system becomes unstable, it is more vulnerable to tipping into a different state.

How tiny shells revealed a big warning

The evidence did not come from satellites or modern instruments. Instead, scientists studied the shells of long lived marine molluscs buried beneath the seabed. Species like the ocean quahog grow slowly, forming annual layers that record chemical changes in the surrounding water.By analysing these layers, researchers reconstructed past ocean conditions going back hundreds of years. They identified two clear periods of instability. One occurred before the 1920s. The other began in the mid twentieth century and continues today.

Is this similar to the Little Ice Age

Europe has experienced major cooling before. During the early 1300s, average temperatures dropped slightly, yet the effects were severe. Rivers froze, harvests failed, and winters became longer and harsher.The current situation would not repeat that period exactly. The modern climate is warmer overall. Still, even small shifts in ocean circulation can amplify cold spells and disrupt rainfall patterns across large areas.

How this links to the larger AMOC system

Basically, the gyre is just a small part of a much larger process known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Similar to a conveyor belt, the system carries warm water at the surface to the north and sends back cold water from the depths to the south.In fact, water that is melting the ice of Greenland is becoming new freshwater for the North Atlantic. This is changing the salt concentration of the ocean and making the surface water lighter, which disrupts the process of sinking that is what actually keeps the circulation going.

What could happen if the slowdown continues

If the circulation were weaker, winters in Europe would probably be colder, there would be stronger seasonal changes and the sea level would rise in some areas of the US coast. The weather might become more unpredictable; thus, farming, infrastructure, and water systems would be affected.A long term weakening of the circulation could have a significant impact on the climate in which people have been living even if the collapse did not occur completely.

Is there still time to avoid the worst outcomes

Researchers stress that the system has not fully tipped. But warning signs are accumulating. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions remains the most effective way to lower the risk of pushing the Atlantic into an irreversible state.The changes may be slow, but their consequences would not be subtle. Climate systems remember what happens to them. And once altered, they rarely return to what they were.

NEW DELHI: Amid the ongoing Chillai Kalan — the 40-day bone-chilling winter period — in Jammu and Kashmir, the Army has intensified its counter-terrorism operations across the Kishtwar and Doda districts.Army units have expanded their operational reach into higher and snowbound areas to pursue and neutralise Pakistani terrorists attempting to exploit the harsh season for concealment, news agency ANI reported, citing sources.

According to sources, various intelligence agencies asses that there are approximately 30 to 35 Pakistani terrorists currently in the Jammu region. Inputs gathered over the past few months suggest that these groups, finding themselves cornered by successful counter-terror operations, have shifted deeper into higher and middle mountain reaches of the region — areas now devoid of habitation. These terrorists are believed to be seeking temporary winter hideouts to evade detection and avoid direct confrontation with security troops, they added.The sources said that the Army and security forces have adopted a proactive winter posture, establishing temporary bases and surveillance posts deep within snow-covered areas to maintain continuous pressure on potential terrorist hideouts.This year’s counter-terror strategy has been the integrated approach to operations. The Indian Army is leading a synchronised effort involving multiple security and law enforcement agencies, including the civil administration, the Jammu and Kashmir Police (JKP), the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), the Special Operations Group (SOG), Forest Guards, and Village Defence Guards (VDGs). This inter-agency cooperation ensures seamless intelligence sharing, resource optimisation, and sharper operational execution, sources said.ANI reported that intelligence from multiple agencies is carefully synthesised to draw precise situational pictures of terrorist movement and hideout patterns. Once intelligence is verified, coordinated joint operations are planned and launched, minimising overlaps and ensuring maximum impact with tactical precision. The synergy among ground units and intelligence frameworks has enhanced response time, enabling security forces to act the moment actionable information surfaces.According to the report, the terrorists, who are hiding in this region, are attempting to coerce or threaten local villagers for shelter and food supplies, though their support among locals and overground workers has sharply declined.Sources emphasised that this season’s winter operations are guided by a clear doctrinal approach: Surveillance to Swift Operations and then Back to Surveillance. The philosophy emphasises an unbroken cycle of monitoring, quick response, and sustained watchfulness, minimising the chances of terrorists regrouping. This methodical rhythm allows forces to keep pressure constant while conserving resources and adapting to environmental challenges, they added.This comes with the onset of Chillai Kalan, the harshest phase of Kashmir’s winter, spanning from December 21 to January 31. During this period, most activity in the mountains comes to a standstill.Meanwhile, the Indian Army has also deployed specially trained winter warfare sub-units across several key sectors. These troops, adept in high-altitude survival, snow navigation, avalanche response, and snow combat, have been instrumental in maintaining operational effectiveness during the winter surge.